Incremental construction of classifier and discriminant ensembles

We discuss approaches to incrementally construct an ensemble. The first constructs an ensemble of classifiers choosing a subset from a larger set, and the second constructs an ensemble of discriminants, where a classifier is used for some classes only. We investigate criteria including accuracy, significant improvement, diversity, correlation, and the role of search direction. For discriminant ensembles, we test subset selection and trees. Fusion is by voting or by a linear model. Using 14 classifiers on 38 data sets. incremental search finds small, accurate ensembles in polynomial time. The discriminant ensemble uses a subset of discriminants and is simpler, interpretable, and accurate. We see that an incremental ensemble has higher accuracy than bagging and random subspace method; and it has a comparable accuracy to AdaBoost. but fewer classifiers.We would like to thank the three anonymous referees and the editor for their constructive comments, pointers to related literature, and pertinent questions which allowed us to better situate our work as well as organize the ms and improve the presentation. This work has been supported by the Turkish Academy of Sciences in the framework of the Young Scientist Award Program (EA-TUBA-GEBIP/2001-1-1), Bogazici University Scientific Research Project 05HA101 and Turkish Scientific Technical Research Council TUBITAK EEEAG 104EO79Publisher's VersionAuthor Pre-Prin

Protein expression changes in breast cancer and their importance

Studies about nucleic acids have increased after thepublication of DNA’s three dimensional structure by Watsonand Crick. Nucleic acids are the heritable moleculeswhich contain codes for proteins. Proteins are the mostimportant elements in molecular world because they arethe basic structural and functional components of a livingorganism. Clarifying the celluler events that involve proteinsare important in many areas for example diagnosisand treatment determination of diseases or developmentof new drugs. Proteome that comes from a combinationof the terms protein and genome, is one of the importantfield in these days. The studies in this area have acceleratedand gained a different place especially with afterthe completion of human genome project. In synthesis ofa protein just only genetic information is not enough. Atthe same time the change or changes of a protein afterthe synthesis, the final version and transporting to finallocalization of it also important. Because having defects inmailing cells of breast cancer, the first targets of treatmentmust be proteins. In this way the studies on proteins areimportant to determine prognostic and diagnostic diseasemarkers and also significant for identifying new treatmentstrategies.Key words: Genom, proteom, breast cance

Antimicrobial activities of allium staticiforme and allium subhirsutum

The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the bulb and flower of Allium statciforme and Allium subhirsutum were investigated. In addition, DPPH radical scavenging activity and total phenolic contents were determined. The results show that methanolic extracts of A. staticiforme and A. subhirsutum had antifungal activities against Candida albicans, together with a less activity level against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, Enterecoccus faecalis, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomanas aeruginosa. The total phenolic contents of A. staticiforme leaf and bulb were determined as 17 and 2.4 mg of GAW100 g, respectively. The IC50 of methanolic extracts of A. staticiforme and A. subhirsutum were also determined. In conclusion, both A. staticiforme and A. subhirsutum have antifungal activities with weak antibacterial activities. These plants have DPPH radical scavenging activities

The effects of administered interventions on quality of life of children with cancer in Turkey: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyse the effects of administered interventions on the quality of life of children with cancer in Turkey. Methods The quantitative studies conducted with paediatric oncology patients, analysing the quality of life of Turkish children, and published papers from 2009 to 2019 were searched. Joanna Briggs Institution MAStARI Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Research Control List and Quality Index were used for methodological assessment. Five studies comprising a total of 264 samples were included. Four studies were nonrandomised controlled trials, and one was a quasi-experimental study. Results Tests for heterogeneity showed that the studies, which included interventions increasing the quality of life of children with cancer, were heterogeneous. The common effect size of all studies on quality of life was determined as having a strong positive effect. Conclusions This meta-analysis and systematic review contribute to the knowledge of Turkish health care professionals regarding these interventions by producing results with high levels of evidence on the improvement of the quality of life among children with cancer. The present study also significantly raises awareness and encourages health care professionals to implement interventions for the improvement of quality of life among children with cancer

The effect of extremely high glucose concentrations on 21 routine chemistry and thyroid Abbott assays: interference study

Bugdayci, Guler/0000-0002-4060-3354WOS: 000370676600004PubMed: 26981018Introduction: Extremely high glucose concentrations have been shown to interfere with creatinine assays especially with Jaffe method in peritoneal dialysate. Because diabetes is the fastest growing chronic disease in the world, laboratories study with varying glucose concentrations. We investigated whether different levels of glucose spiked in serum interfere with 21 routine chemistry and thyroid assays at glucose concentrations between 17-51 mmol/L. Materials and methods: Baseline (group I) serum pool with glucose concentration of 5.55 (5.44-5.61) mmol/L was prepared from patient sera. Spiking with 20% dextrose solution, sample groups were obtained with glucose concentrations: 17.09, 34.52, and 50.95 mmol/L (group II, III, IV, respectively). Total of 21 biochemistry analytes and thyroid tests were studied on Abbott c8000 and i2000sr with commercial reagents. Bias from baseline value was checked statistically and clinically. Results: Creatinine increased significantly by 8.74%, 31.66%, 55.31% at groups 11,111, IV, respectively with P values of < 0.001. At the median glucose concentration of 50.95 mmol/L, calcium, albumin, chloride and FT4 biased significantly clinically (-0.85%, 1.63%, 0.65%, 7.4% with P values 0.138, 0.214, 0.004, < 0.001, respectively). Remaining assays were free of interference. Conclusion: Among the numerous biochemical parameters studied, only a few parameters are affected by dramatically increased glucose concentration. The creatinine measurements obtained in human sera with the Jaffe alkaline method at high glucose concentrations should be interpreted with caution. Other tests that were affected with extremely high glucose concentrations were calcium, albumin, chloride and FT4, hence results should be taken into consideration in patients with poor diabetic control

Künt travma sonrası oluşan iki taraflı böbrek hasarının (derece IV) kısa sürede kendiliğinden iyileşmesi: Olgu sunumu

Among the genitourinary organs, kidney has the highest chance of getting injured by external force. There is a limited data on the conservative management and results of renal trauma in literature. In this case report, we are presenting the outcomes of a patient that has multiorgan trauma accompanied with grade IV renal trauma due to motor vehicle accident as a pedestrian, and the result of conservative management.Böbrek eksternal bir kuvvete bağlı yaralanma ihtimali en yüksek genito-üriner organdır. Literatürde, böbrek travmasında konservatif tedavi yaklaşımı ve sonuçlarına dair oldukça kısıtlı veri bulunmaktadır. Bu olgu sunumunda araç dışı trafik kazası sonucu oluşan multipl organ travmasına eşlik eden bilateral derece IV renal travmalı olguyu ve konservatif tedavi sonucunu sunmaktayız